MEANING:

                   Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, or bronchi, that bring air into the lungs. Bronchitis means swelling in bronchi. Bronchi are the air passages that connect windpipe (trachea) with tiny air sacs (alveoli) in lungs. Bronchitis is usually caused by virusesor bacteria and it may last for several days or weeks. Bronchitis can be acute bronchitis or chronic bronchitis. Simply said, Bronchitis is an inflammation of the Bronchi.

TYPES OF BRONCHITIS:

Bronchitis may be classified into two types. These include

*Acute bronchitis

*Chronic bronchitis

Acute bronchitis:

This is the most common type of bronchitis.It affects nose, sinuses, throat and then it spreads to the lungs. It is caused by viruses. The viruses attack the insides of our airways and infect them. The same viruses give the common cold. - Acute bronchitis is usually caused by a viral infection, but can also be caused by a bacterial infection and can heal without complications.

Chronic bronchitis:

This is another type of bronchitis. It is a long-term condition. Chronic bronchitis is also known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.  With chronic bronchitis, the bronchial tubes continue to be inflamed (red and swollen), irritated, and produce excessive mucus over time. The most common cause of chronic bronchitis is smoking. Chronic bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchi, the main air passages in the lungs, which persists for a long period or repeatedly recurs.

SYMPTOMS OF BRONCHITIS:

Symptoms of bronchitis usually begin with the symptoms of a cold, such as a runny nose, sneezing, and dry cough. The following are the common symptoms of bronchitis. Such as:

*Cough that produces mucus; if yellow-green in color, you are more likely to have a bacterial infection

*Shortness of breathworsened by exertion or mild activity

*Wheezing

*Fatigue

*Fever

*Chest discomfort

*Frequent respiratory infections (such as colds or the flu)

*Ankle, feet, and leg swelling

*Blue-tinged lips from low levels of oxygen

CAUSES OF BRONCHITIS:

Bronchitis can also be caused by exposure to smoke, chemicals, or air pollution, all of which can irritate the bronchial tubes, or it can develop from accidentally inhaling (aspirating) food, vomit, or mucous material.The following are the main causes of bronchitis. These are:

*Smoking:

It is the main cause of bronchitis. Excessive smoking irritates the bronchial tubes and lowers their resistance, so that they become vulnerable to germs breathed in from the atmosphere

*Working in a stuff atmosphere, use of drugs and heredity:

Other causes of bronchitis are living or working in a stuffy atmosphere, use of drugs to suppress earlier diseases, and hereditary factors.

*Weather changes:

Changes in weather and environment hasten the onset of the disease.

OTHER CAUSES:

Bronchitis occurs when trachea (windpipe) and the large and small bronchi (airways) in lungs become inflamed because of infection or other causes.

*The thin mucous lining of these airways can become irritated and swollen.

*The cells that make up this lining may leak fluids in response to the inflammation.

*Coughing is a reflex that works to clear secretions from your lungs. Often the discomfort of a severe cough leads you to seek medical treatment.

*Both adults and children can get bronchitis. Symptoms are similar for both.

*Infants usually get bronchiolitis, which involves the smaller airways and causes symptoms similar to asthma.

PREVENTIVE MEASURES FOR BRONCHITIS:

 Good hygiene can reduce the spread of viral infection. Immunizations against influenza and pertussis can reduce the risk for bacterial bronchitis. The following steps help to get relief from bronchitis. These include:

*Wash hands frequently to avoid spreading viruses and other infections.

*Do not smoke.

*Get an annual flu vaccine and a pneumococcal vaccine as directed by your doctor.

*Minimize exposure to air pollutants.

*Take aspirin or acetaminophen (Tylenol) if you have a fever. Do not give aspirin to children.

*Rest.

*Drink plenty of fluids.

*Use a humidifier or steam in the bathroom.

HERBAL CURE FOR BRONCHITIS:

Herbal treatment is the best treatment for bronchitis.It has no side effects. The bronchitis sufferers can get relief from bronchitis through herbal treatment. The following herbs help to treat bronchitis. These are:

GINSENG:

It is the most effective home remedy for bronchitis.It reduces inflammation, and helps to clear bronchial passages.

ASTRAGALUS:

It is an antibiotic herb. It is   used to strengthen the immune system.

COLTSFOOT:

It is the most useful herb for bronchitis.It is used to soothe coughing.

ECHINACEA:

It is the popular herb for bronchitis.It is used to stimulate the immune system and shorten duration of illness.

ELDERBERRY:

This type of herb is used to reduce fever and nasal congestion.

ELECAMPANE:

This herb helps to clear mucus from lungs.

EPHEDRA:

This herb is the most effective home remedy for bronchitis.It is used to relieve bronchial spasms & nasal congestion.

FENUGREEK:

This herb is used for reducing the flow of mucous.

GINKGO BILOBA:

This herb is used to prevent free radical damage in the lungs.

GOLDENSEAL:

This herb has antibiotic properties and relieves inflammation in throat, nasal passages, & sinuses.

LOBELIA:

This herb helps to clear bronchial congestion and stop wheezing.

MULLEIN OIL:

This is the popular home remedy for bronchitis.It is used to relieve bronchial congestion and increase lung circulation.

REISHI:

This is the most useful herb for bronchitis.It is used to fight bacterial infections.

ONION:

Onions have been used as a remedy for bronchitis for centuries. They are said to possess expectorant properties.

GINGER:

Another effective remedy for bronchitis is a mixture comprising of half a teaspoon each of the powder of ginger, pepper, and cloves. The mixture of these three ingredients has also antipyretic qualities and is effective in reducing fever accompanying bronchitis.

TURMERIC:

One of the most effective home remedies for bronchitis is the use of turmeric powder. Half a teaspoon of this powder should be administered with half a glass of milk, two or three times daily

 

 

 

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MEANING:

The word Gastritis is derived from the Greek word gastro and itis. The word gastro-meaning of the stomach and word itis-meaning inflammation. Gastritis is inflammation of the gastric mucosa. Gastritis is a mild irritation, inflammation, or infection of the stomach lining. It may be a sudden attack or chronic. Gastritis can lead to ulcers and an increased risk of stomach cancer. Gastritis isn't one disease but a group of conditions, all of which are characterized by inflammation of the lining of stomach.

TYPES OF GASTRITIS:

The following are the common types Gastritis. These include:

Erosive gastritis:

This type of gastritis involves both inflammation and wearing away of the stomach lining. Erosive gastritis results from irritants such as drugs, especially aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Acute stress gastritis:

It is a form of erosive gastritis. This type of gastritis is caused by a sudden illness or injury. The injury may not even be to the stomach.

Radiation gastritis:

This type of gastritis can occur if radiation is delivered to the lower left side of the chest or upper abdomen, where it can irritate the stomach lining.

Postgastrectomy gastritis:

This type of gastritis occurs in people who have had part of their stomach surgically removed (a procedure called partial gastrectomy). The inflammation usually occurs where tissue has been sewn back together.

Atrophic gastritis:

This type of gastritis can also occur in people who are chronically infected with H. pylori bacteria. It also tends to occur in those who have had part of their stomach removed.

Eosinophilic gastritis:

It may result from an allergic reaction to an infestation with roundworms. In this type of gastritis, eosinophils (a type of white blood cell) accumulate in the stomach wall.

Ménétrièr's disease:

It is a type of gastritis .In this type the stomach wall develops thick, large folds; enlarged glands; and fluid-filled cysts. The disease may be due to an abnormal immune reaction and has also been associated with H. pylori infection.

Lymphocytic gastritis:

It is another type of gastritis. In this type, lymphocytes (another type of white blood cell) accumulate in the stomach wall and other organs. This lymphocyte accumulation also occurs in celiac sprue (a malabsorptive disorder).

CAUSES OF GASTRITIS:

Gastritis is not a single disease, but several different conditions that all have inflammation of the stomach lining Gastritis can be caused by many factors, including infection, injury, certain drugs, and disorders of the immune system. The most common cause of gastritis is infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria. The following are the common causes of gastritis. These include:

 

*Bacterial or viral infection (infection by a virus is contagious)

 

*Excess stomach acid caused by heavy smoking, alcohol use, caffeine, improper diet such as spicy, greasy foods.

 

*Use of drugs such as Aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, cortisone.

 

*Stress

 

*Fungal infection (typically in people with AIDS).

 

*Parasitic infection (often from poorly cooked seafood)

 

*Viral infection

 

*Bile reflux

 

*Certain types of radiation

 

SYMPTOMS OF GASTRITIS:

 

Gastritis usually causes no symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they vary depending on the cause and may include pain or discomfort (dyspepsia) or nausea or vomiting, problems that are often simply referred to as indigestion. The symptoms of gastritis are:

 

*Upper abdominal pain or discomfort

 

*Gastric hemorrhage

 

*Appetite loss

 

*Belching

 

*Nausea

 

*Vomiting

 

*Fever

 

*Fatigue

 

*Diarrhea

 

*Weakness

 

PREVENTIVE MEASURES FOR GASTRITIS:

                   

We can prevent gastritis by following the useful tips. These include:

 

*Eat regularly and moderately

 

*Stop smoking

 

*Limit or avoid alcohol and caffeine

 

*If possible avoid drugs that are irritating to your stomach

 

*Avoid foods that you don't digest easily.

 

TREATMRNT FOR GASTRITIS:

 

The treatment of gastritis depends on the cause of the problem. We can reduce or avoid gastritis by taking appropriate treatment for that disease. The treatment approaches are:

 

*Medications

 

*Dietary system

 

*Homeopathy

 

*Herbal treatment

 

MEDICATIONS FOR GASTRITIS:

Antacids:

This medicine reduces stomach acid secretion. It includes calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide with aluminum salts.

H2 blockers:

It reduces stomach acid secretion, and   it helps to protect against or treat ulcers. It includes ranitidine, cimetidine, nizatidine, and famotidine.

Proton pump inhibitors:

This medicine also reduces stomach acid secretion. It includes omeprazole and lansoprazole.

Misoprostol:

This is the best drug for treat ulcers.  It can reduce the formation of ulcers.

Sucralfate:

This drug helps to heal ulcers in the stomach.

 

DIETARY SYSTEM FOR GASTRITIS:

                  

We can get relief from gastritis by following the best dietary system.

CONSUMABLE FOODS:

The following foods can be consumed by the gastritis sufferers. These include:

*Fruits

*Vegetables

*Fiber products

AVOIDABLE FOODS:

The following foods should be avoided by the gastritis sufferers. These include:

*Alcohol

*Acidic drinks such as coffee (with and without caffeine)

*Milk

*Carbonated beverages

*Spices and peppers (for some people this is important, while for others such foods do not seem to cause symptoms or inflammation)

HERBAL TREATMENT FOR GASTRITIS:

We can easily get remedy for gastritis through the following herbs. These include:

Astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus):

 

It is used traditionally to treat stomach ulcers. It may also prevent the damage from radiation or chemotherapy that can lead to gastritis.

Barberry (Berberis vulgaris):

This herb contains active substances called berberine alkaloids. These substances have been shown to combat infection and bacteria. Barberry is used to ease inflammation and infection of the gastrointestinal tract. Barberry has also been used traditionally to improve appetite.

Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus):

Bilberry fruits help prevent stomach ulcers caused by a variety of factors including stress, medications, and alcohol.

Cat's Claw (Uncaria tomentosa):

This herb is used to treat a variety of health problems including ulcers and other gastrointestinal disorders. The benefits of this herb may be due to its ability to reduce inflammation.

Chamomile, Roman (Chamaemelum nobile):

This herb has been used to treat nausea, vomiting, heartburn, and excess intestinal gas.

Devil's Claw (Harpagophytum procumbens):

It can be useful for upset stomach and loss of appetite.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale):

This is the best herb for gastritis. Ginger has been used to aid digestion and treat stomach upset as well as nausea. This herb is also thought to reduce inflammation.

SIMPLE TIPS TO AVOID GASTRITIS:

The following tips help to maintain our health without any diseases. These are:

*Practice good eating habits

*Maintain a healthy weight

*Get plenty of exercise

*Manage stress

 

 

 

 

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MEANING:

Crohn disease is a disease which affects the lower part of the small intestine, called ileum.Crohn's disease is a chronic illness that causes irritation in the digestive tract. Crohn's disease occurs in the last portion of intestine (ileum). Crohn’s disease is an ongoing disorder that causes inflammation of the digestive tract also referred to as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Crohn’s disease can affect any area of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory bowel disease, the general name for diseases that cause swelling in the intestines. Crohn’s disease can occur in people of all age groups, but it is more often diagnosed in people between the ages of 20 and 30.The other name of Crohn’s disease is ileitis or enteritis.

TYPES OF CROHN’S DISEASE:

The following are the five types of crohn’s disease. These include:

Ileocolitis:

This is the most common type of Crohn’s disease. It affects the ileum and colon. Symptoms include diarrhea and cramping or pain in the right lower part or middle of the abdomen.

Ileitis:

This type affects the ileum. The Symptoms of this type include diarrhea and cramping or pain in the right lower part or middle of the abdomen.

Gastroduodenal Crohn's disease:

This type affects the stomach and duodenum (the first part of the small intestine). Symptoms include loss of appetite, weight loss, and nausea.

Jejunoileitis:

This type affects upper half of the small intestine.The Symptoms include abdominal pain (ranging from mild to intense) and cramps following meals, as well as diarrhea.

Crohn's (granulomatous) colitis:

It affects the colon only. The Symptoms include diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and disease around the anus (abscess, fistulas, ulcers). Skin lesions and joint pains are more common in this form of Crohn's than in others.

SYMPTOMS OF CROHN’S DISEASE:

The symptoms of Crohn’s disease depend on what part of the intestinal tract is inflamed. The most common symptoms of crohn’s disease include:

*Diarrhoea - most people with Crohn's disease get this. This may contain blood, pus or mucus. It may be up to 10 or 20 times a day, as well as at night.

*Pain - may be felt anywhere in the abdomen, and is often described as cramping or colicky. The abdomen may be sore to the touch and swollen.

*Loss of appetite.

*Weight loss - the ongoing symptoms of Crohn's disease, such as diarrhoea, can lead to weight loss.

*Fever - people with severe Crohn's disease may sometimes have a high temperature.

*Rectal bleeding - this may be serious and persistent and can lead to anaemia (too few red blood cells in the blood, meaning the body does not get enough oxygen).

*Painful tears (fissures), ulceration or pus-filled areas (abscesses) around the anus.

TREATMENT APPROACH FOR CROHN’S DISEASE:

Treatment for Crohn's disease depends on the location and severity of disease. . Treatment may include medications, surgery, dietary adjustments, herbs and mind/body techniques.

MEDICATIONS FOR CROHN’S DISEASE:

The following medications are commonly used to treat CD:

SULFASALAZINE:

It reduces inflammation during acute flare-ups. The side effects include abdominal discomfort, nausea, and lowered sperm count.

MESALAMINE:

It reduces inflammation during acute flare-ups and it helps to prevent recurrences.

 OLSALAZINE AND BULSALAZIDE:

It reduces inflammation during acute flare-ups and helps prevent recurrences. It has fewer side effects than sulfasalazine.

CORTICOSTEROIDS (SUCH AS BUDESONIDE, PREDNISONE, AND PREDNISOLONE):

It reduces inflammation by decreasing the production of prostaglandins (substances in the body that contribute to the development of pain and inflammation. The side effects include acne, and an increased risk of infection, osteoporosis, high blood pressure, excessive hair growth, diabetes, and disorders of the eye including glaucoma and cataracts.

ANTIBIOTICS (SUCH AS CIPROFLOXACIN AND METRONDIDAZOLE):

It may be prescribed for individuals who undergo surgical resection or have an excess accumulation of pus and bacterial overgrowth. The side effects include nausea and anorexia.

SURGERY FOR CROHN’S DISEASE:

Crohn's disease patients require surgery, either to relieve symptoms that do not respond to medical therapy or to correct complications such as blockage, perforation, abscess, or bleeding in the intestine.

DIETARY TREATMENT FOR CROHN-DISEASE:

Elemental diets help prevent symptom recurrence and may be as effective as certain medications in treating CD.The crohn’s sufferers must follow the following dietary system. These include:

*Regular intake of fruits and vegetables, and lowered fat and sugar consumption may reduce the risk of developing CD.

*Certain foods may aggravate symptoms of CD (for example, dairy products, fats, spicy foods, and artificial sweeteners) and should be avoided by people with the condition.

*After surgery, people with CD should avoid foods high in organic acids known as oxalates (for example, spinach, rhubarb, black and blueberries, red currants, beets, celery, cucumbers, potatoes, coffee, tea, diet sodas, tofu, and chocolate) because oxalates can increase the risk of kidney stones.

HERBAL TREATMENT FOR CROHN-DISEASE:

The crohn’s disease sufferers can get quick remedy from crohn-disease by taking the following herbs. These include:

CAT'S CLAW (UNCARIA TOMENTOSA):

It helps to treat intestinal disorders such as diarrhea, ulcers, and inflammatory bowel diseases.

GINKGO (GINKGO BILOBA):

It contains substances that act as antioxidants and therefore, may protect the gastrointestinal tract from the damaging effects of CD.

GOLDENSEAL (HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS):

It reduces the ability of bacteria to stick to the intestinal wall thereby protecting against CD;

GREEN TEA (CAMELLIA SINENSIS):

It has anti-inflammatory properties and may also reduce risk of cancer (a potential complication of CD)

SLIPPERY ELM (ULMUS FULVA):

It relieves gastrointestinal irritation

TURMERIC (CURCUMA LONGA):

It has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and reduces the possibility of cancerous changes in cells

WILD INDIGO (BAPTISIA TINCTORIA):

It contains substances that act as antioxidants. It also has properties that protect against infection and reduce inflammation.

MIND/BODY MEDICINE:

Hypnosis and Other Relaxation Techniques:

Hypnosis may improve immune function, increase relaxation, decrease stress, and ease feelings of anxiety. Many healthcare practitioners and people with CD have reported that symptoms of the disease improve with relaxation methods such as hypnosis, meditation, and biofeedback.

 

 

 

 

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MEANING:

Amebiasis is a disease which is caused by amoeba. An amoeba is a single-celled microscopic organism that has no solid body structure. Amebiasis is contracted by consuming contaminated food or water containing the cyst stage of the parasite. It can also be spread by person to person contact.Simply said, Amebiasis is an intestinal illness caused by a microscopic parasite called Entamoeba histolytica. The other names of Amebiasis are Amebic dysentery and Intestinal amebiasis.

TYPES OF AMEBIASIS:

The following are the two types of Amebiasis.These include:

CYST:

It’s another name is encapsulated form. This type of Amebiasis can survive outside the human body because of its protective covering. In the digestive tract the cysts are transported to the intestine where the walls of the cysts are broken open by digestive secretions, releasing the mobile trophozoites.

TROPHOZOITE:

It is another type of Amebiasis. The trophozoite form can't survive once excreted in the stool and therefore can't infect others. The trophozoites may remain inside the intestine, in the intestinal wall, or may break through the intestinal wall and be carried by the blood to the liver, lungs, brain, or other organs.

CAUSES OF AMEBIASIS:

Amebiasis is an infection caused by the protozoal organism E histolytica, which causes colitis and liver abscess. Amebiasis occurs when a person swallows microscopic cysts containing the parasites. The cysts may be in contaminated food or water. Transmission generally occurs through ingestion of cysts from food or water contaminated by feces. All household members should have their stools examined because person to person transmission can occur. . During our life cycles, the amebas exist in two very different forms.These are as follows:

* Cyst

* Trophozoite

SYMPTOMS OF AMEBIASIS:

Most of the time Amebiasis symptoms do not occur. When symptoms do occur, the parasites have already invaded deeply into wall of the intestine. The following are the some common symptoms of Amebiasis.Such as:

*Abdominal pain

*Rectal pain

*Diarrhea

*Fever

*Bloody stool

*Dysentery

*Colitis

*Appendicitis

*Peritonitis

*Liver abscess

*Lung abscess

*Loose stool

*Stomach pain

*Stomach cramp

*Bloody stool

*Nausea

*Mucous diarrhea

*Abdominal discomfort

*Bloody stool

*Fatigue

*Vomiting

TREATMENT FOR AMEBIASIS:

Anyone can get Amebiasis, but it can be reduced by taking regular treatment. The choice of drug depends on the type of clinical presentation and the site of drug action (in the intestinal wall versus inside the intestine itself). The drugs for Amebiasis are as follows:

*Metronidazole

*Paromomycin

*Iodoquinol

*Diloxanide furoate.

The Amebiasis sufferers must use the above drugs as per their physician’s suggession,because these drugs have side effects.

HERBAL TREATMENT FOR AMEBIASIS:

Herbal treatment is the best treatment for Amebiasis.This treatment has no side effects. so Amebiasis sufferers can get quick cure through this treatment.

CHAPARRO AMARGO:

It is the best herb for Amebiasis.The Amebiasis sufferers must take 30 drops of chaparro amargo with water in the morning and 30 drops before the last meal of the day, for seven days straight. After taking a seven day break from the treatment, it is resumed for seven days. Some mild cramping may be felt; this means that the amoebas are dying and will be expelled from the body.

PREVENTIVE MEASURES FOR AMEBIASIS:

We can avoid Amebiasis by following some preventive measures.These are :

Avoid unsanitary water supplies.

When we are in traveling, we must avoid food that is not cooked or peeled.

Protect food from feces, flies, and contaminated water.

When we are in camping, boil water for 5 minutes or treat it with disinfectant tablets. (Adding chlorine to the water will not kill the parasite, but Globaline tablets and iodine will.)

Washing hands after defecation and before preparing or eating food

SIMPLE TIPS TO REDUCE AMEBIASIS:

The following tips help to get remedy from Amebiasis infections.These are:

*Thoroughly cook all raw foods.

*Thoroughly wash raw vegetables and fruits before eating.

 *Reheat food until the internal temperature of the food reaches at least 167º Fahrenheit.

*Uncooked foods must be avoided, particularly vegetables and fruit, which cannot be peeled before eating.

*Unpacked drinks and ice should also be avoided.

Food handlers should always use disposable paper towels or an air dryer to dry their hands. Generally, cloth towels are not recommended as they can spread germs from one person to another.

 

 

 

 

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MEANING:

Arthritis ('arth' meaning joint, 'itis' meaning inflammation). The word Arthritis is derived from the Greek word "arthron" meaning joint. Arthritis literally means joint inflammation. Arthritis is a joint disorder featuring inflammation. A joint is an area of the body where two different bones meet. A joint functions to move the body parts connected by its bones. Arthritis sufferers include men and women, children and adults. Arthritis is the leading cause of disability in people over the age of 65.

CAUSES OF ARTHRITIS:

The causes of arthritis depend on the form of arthritis .The following are some common causes of arthritis. These include:

*Hormonal imbalance

*Emotional stress

*Structural changes in the articular cartilage in the joints

*Heredity

*Physical exertion

*Weight

*Age

*Previous Injury

*Somehigh-levelsports

*Abnormalityoftheimmunesystem

SYMPTOMS OF ARTHRITIS:

Arthritis is a group of conditions that affect the health of the bone joints in the body. Arthritis can begin very gradually, or it can strike quickly. Symptoms of arthritis include pain and limited function of joints. The following are the common symptoms of Arthritis. These include:

*Swelling

* Redness

*Warm

* Fever

* Weight loss

*Fatigue

*Feeling unwell

*Loss of appetite

* Joints pain

*Stiffness in joints

*Anemia

*Colitis

*Sleeplessness

*Muscle aches.

*Deformed hands and feet,

* Constipation etc.

TYPES OF ARTHRITIS:

Arthritis is a painful inflammation of a joint or joints of the body.The types of Arthritis are as follows:

Inflammatory arthritis:

Inflammatory arthritis is the most common type of Arthritis. It is characterized by inflammation of tissues associated with joints. The examples of this Arthritis are Connective tissue diseases, crystal deposition diseases, infectious arthritis, and spondyloarthropathies Degenerative joint disease.

 Nonarticular rheumatism:

Nonarticular rheumatism is a group of diseases, also called soft-tissue rheumatisms. It includes tendonitis, bursitis, tenosynovitis, and fibrositis. The etiology is unclear, but the disorder may relate to psychobiologic or sleep disturbances or muscular and soft-tissue abnormalities.

 Rheumatoid arthritis:

Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common variety of inflammatory arthritis. It occurs in younger and middle-aged persons. It   is characterized by noninfectious inflammation of the synovium (joint-lining membrane) frequently associated with extraarticular manifestations other than in the joints. The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis includes the use of non-drug treatment such as rest and physiotherapy, drugs may be required both to control symptoms of the disease.
Degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis):

It is also called as osteoarthritis. It is a ubiquitous joint disease characterized pathologically by deterioration of cartilage lining the joints and new bone formation beneath the cartilage. Degenerative joint disease is marked by a progressive stiffness, loss of function, and destruction of the larger, weight-bearing joints of the body.  Primary osteoarthritis is mostly related to aging. The main symptoms of osteoarthritis are is pain that worsens during activity and that gets better during rest.
 Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis:

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is a form of arthritis in children ages 16 or younger that causes inflammation and stiffness of joints for more than six weeks. The treatment of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis centers on decreasing joint inflammation, suppressing pain, and preserving movement.

Septic arthritis:

It is also known as infectious arthritis or pyogenic arthritis. It is an infection in the joint (synovial) fluid and joint tissues.  Septic arthritis requires immediate treatment.

Psoriatic arthritis:

It is a chronic inflammation of the joints that occurs in some people with a chronic skin and nail condition known as psoriasis. The cause of psoriatic arthritis is unknown. Psoriatic is triggered by an attack of the body's own immune system on itself.

 Gout:

Gout or gouty arthritis is a form of arthritis. It is caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals (due to hyperuricemia) in joints. The goals of treatment for gout consist of alleviating pain, avoiding severe attacks in the future, and preventing long-term joint damage.

TREATMENT FOR ARTHRITIS:

A variety of treatment has been recommended for patients with Arthritis. The objectives in the treatment of arthritis are controlling inflammation, preserving joint function, and curing the disease .Arthritis can be defined as a physical disorder that involves inflammation of joints. There is no particular age at which arthritis happens. Treatment options vary depending on the type of arthritis.These include:

Medications (symptomatic or targeted at the disease process causing the arthritis):

ASPIRIN:

It helps to decrease inflammation and to treat pain.

NAPROXEN:

It includes (Naprosyn), ibuprofen (Advil, Medipren, Motrin), and etodolac (Lodine).These medications help to get remedy from Arthritis.

ARTHROPLASTY:

It  is generally very effective and more than 90% of patients are very satisfied.It is the best treatment for Arthritis.

YOGA:

It has been used for Arthritis patients to promote relaxation, relieve stress, and improve flexibility.

 

HYDROTHERAPY:

It can help to greatly reduce pain and inflammation. Moist heat is more effective than dry heat, and cold packs are useful during acute flare-ups.

ACUPUNCTURE AND ACUPRESSURE MASSAGE:

These can be extremely helpful in treating the arthritis. These can aggressively promote the movement of blood to relieve pain and promote normalcy. The Arthritis sufferers can easily get relief from Arthritis by using this acupuncture and acupressure massage.

MOXIBUSTION (HEAT TREATMENT):

It is also the best treatment for Arthritis. It is extremely beneficial in treating cold conditions such as cold bi, damp bi, and third stage injuries.  It is not appropriate in hot conditions such as when a joint appears red or feels warm to the touch, or in cases of rhumatoid arthritis.

HERBS FOR ARTHRITIS:

The herbal treatment is the best treatment for Arthritis. The Arthritis sufferers can easily get remedy for Arthritis from the following herbs. These include:

GINGER:

Ginger is a fantastic herb. It has been used for the treatment of many aliments. It is very beneficial in relieving arthritis. Its anti-inflammatory properties make it a well know arthritis treatment.

CAYENNE:

Cayenne Pepper or Red Pepper (Capsicum frutescens ) is another wonderful herb, with a wide range of medical properties to heal the body. Cayenne can be very hot and some people are sensitive .Take cayenne as a tincture for fast acting absorption, and include the spice in our food.

Garlic and Ginkgo Biloba:

Garlic and Ginkgo Biloba are the best herbal medicines for Arthritis. Both garlic and ginkgo biloba have been shown to help with circulation and improve blood flow. This is important where arthritis is concerned.

Devils Claw:

It is a tuber found in South Africa contains a glycoside called harpagoside that helps to reduce inflammation in joints.

 

Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica):

 Stinging nettle is an official remedy for rheumatism in Germany. It is the most important herb to consider for treating early- onset arthritis. Nettle juice contains an anti-inflammatory component similar to that of steroid drugs.

Yucca:

Yucca is the best herb for Arthritis. It has long been used to reduce arthritic pain.  A double-blind clinical trial indicated a saponin extract of yucca demonstrated a positive therapeutic effect.

Licorice:

It has been used historically in the treatment of inflammation, allergy, asthma and other conditions that put added stress on the adrenals.

 

 

 

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MEANING:

The word anorexia is derived from the Greek word orexe which means loss of appetite (deriving from the Greek"á (í)-" (a (n)-, a prefix that denotes absence) + "üñåîç (orexe) = appetite) Anorexia is the decreased sensation of appetite.It is a loss or reduction in appetite for food. Appetite is the desire to eat. A decreased appetite is when we have reduced desire to eat. This occurs despite the body's basic caloric (energy) needs. Anorexia is causing, people to lose interest in eating. The other name of Anorexia is Loss of appetite or Decreased appetite.

TYPES OF ANOREXIA:

The following are the two types of anorexia. These include:

Restricting type:

This is the first type of appetite loss. This type of Anorexia is caused by the patient adopting harmful habits, like fasting.

Binge eating or purging type:

This is the second type of appetite loss. This type is characterised by the use of self-induced vomiting, or misuse of laxatives or diuretics to help prevent weight gain.

CAUSES OF ANOREXIA:

Anorexia is an eating disorder where people starve themselves. Anorexia usually begins in young people around the onset of youth. Individuals suffering from anorexia have severe weight loss. There  are many causes associated with Anorexia. These are as follows:

*Fever - any fever may cause temporary loss of appetite.

*Prolonged fever - may affect appetite long enough to cause weight loss

*Viral hepatitis

*Normal aging

*Tuberculosis

*Alcoholism

*Hypothyroidism

*Heart conditions

*Heart disease

*Heart failure

*Liver conditions

*Zinc deficiency

*Hiatus hernia

*Malabsorption

*Duodenal ulcer

*Stomach cancer

*Cancer

*Lung cancer

*Swallowing difficulties
*Chewing difficulties

*Changes in taste and smell

*Pain
*Fatigue

*Depression

 

SYMPTOMS OF ANOREXIA:

The following conditions are some of the possible symptoms of Poor appetite. These are as follows:

*Emotional stress - may lead to either under-eating or over-eating

*Anxiety

*Emotional upset

*Grief or loss

* Relationship problems

*Depression

*Depressive disorders

*Anxiety disorders

HERBAL TREATMENT FOR ANOREXIA:

The herbal treatment is the best treatment for Anorexia. Anorexia can be reduced by using the following herbs. These include:

BITTER GREENS:

A bitter green is a good herbal remedy for Anorexia. Bitter greens consist of arugula, radicchio, collards, kale, endives, escarole, mizuna, sorrel, dandelions, watercress, and red/green mustard. Bitter foods also stimulate the gallbladder to contract and release bile, which helps break fatty foods into small enough particles that enzymes can easily finish breaking them apart for absorption.

WATER:

Water is also a good herbal remedy for Anorexia. The wonders of water never cease. Water helps to control the appetite.

BARBERRY AND GOLDENSEAL (HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS):

 It is a useful remedy for Anorexia. It has very similar therapeutic uses because both herbs contain active substances called berberine alkaloids. These substances have been shown to combat infection and bacteria, stimulate the activity of the immune system, and lower fever.

LEMON BALM (MELISSA OFFICINALIS):

It is a member of the mint family, has long been considered a "calming" herb. It has been used since the Middle Ages to reduce stress and anxiety, promote sleep, and improve appetite

YARROW (ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM):

It was named after Achilles, the Greek mythical figure who used it to stop the bleeding wounds of his soldiers. Popular in European folk medicine, yarrow has traditionally been used to treat wounds, menstrual ailments bleeding hemorrhoids and appetite loss.

 

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MEANING:

The appendix is a small, tube-like structure attached to the first part of the large intestine, also called the colon. The appendix is located in the lower right portion of the abdomen. It has no known function. Removal of the appendix appears to cause no change in digestive function.

Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix. Once it starts, there is no effective medical therapy, so appendicitis is considered a medical emergency. When treated promptly, most patients recover without difficulty. If treatment is delayed, the appendix can burst, causing infection and even death. Appendicitis is the most common acute surgical emergency of the abdomen. Anyone can get appendicitis, but it occurs most often between the ages of 10 and 30.

 

DEFINITION:   

Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix. The appendix is a small pouch attached to your large intestine.

CAUSES OF APPENDICITIS:

Appendicitis is one of the most common causes of emergency abdominal surgery in the United States. Appendicitis usually occurs when the appendix becomes blocked by feces, a foreign object, or rarely, a tumor.

The cause of appendicitis relates to blockage of the inside of the appendix, known as the lumen. The blockage leads to increased pressure, impaired blood flow, and inflammation. If the blockage is not treated, gangrene and rupture (breaking or tearing) of the appendix can result.

Most commonly, feces blocks the inside of the appendix. Also, bacterial or viral infections in the digestive tract can lead to swelling of lymph nodes, which squeeze the appendix and cause obstruction. This swelling of lymph nodes is known as lymphoid hyperplasia. Traumatic injury to the abdomen may lead to appendicitis in a small number of people. Genetics may be a factor in others. For example, appendicitis that runs in families may result from a genetic variant that predisposes a person to obstruction of the appendiceal lumen.

SYMPTOMS OF APPENDICITIS:

The symptoms of appendicitis vary. It can be hard to diagnosis appendicitis in young children, the elderly, and women of childbearing age.

Typically, the first symptom is pain around your navel. (See: abdominal pain) The pain initially may be vague, but becomes increasingly sharp and severe. You may have reduced appetite, nausea, vomiting, and a low-grade fever.

As the inflammation in the appendix increases, the pain tends to move into your right lower abdomen and focuses directly above the appendix at a place calledMcBurney's point

Appendicitis is accompanied by the following signs and symptoms:

*Pain on the right side of the abdomen, usually beginning near the navel and moving down and to the right. The pain worsens when moving, taking deep breaths, coughing, sneezing, or being touched in this area.

*Loss of appetite

*Nausea

*Vomiting

*Change in bowel movements, including diarrhea or inability to have a bowel movement or to pass gas

*Low fever that begins after other symptoms

*Urinating frequently or difficult or painful urination

*Bloating

PREVENTIVE MEASURE FOR APPENDICITIS:

There is no way to prevent appendicitis. However, appendicitis is less common in people who eat foods high in fiber, such as fresh fruits and vegetables.

TREATMENT FOR APPENDICITIS:

For uncomplicated cases, a surgical procedure called an appendectomy is performed to remove the appendix soon after the diagnosis. An appendectomy can be done as an "open" procedure, where fairly large surgical cuts are made in your abdomen. The surgery can also be done as a laparoscopic procedure, which uses a camera and small incisions.

If the operation reveals that the appendix is normal, the surgeon will remove the appendix and explore the rest of the abdomen for other causes of your pain.

If a CT scan reveals an abscess from a ruptured appendix, the patient may be treated and the appendix removed later, after the infection and inflammation have gone away.

Appendicitis is most often treated with a combination of surgery and antibiotics. In addition to antibiotics, you will receive intravenous fluids and, if nauseated, medication to control vomiting. If you have symptoms of appendicitis, you will be evaluated for surgery. When the diagnosis is not clear from tests such as an ultrasound or CT scan, exploratory surgery is performed. If appendicitis is confirmed, either from the tests or the exploratory surgery, the appendix is removed in a procedure called an appendectomy.

DRUG THERAPIES:

The doctor may prescribe the following medications.

Antibiotics

Medications taken to ease nausea

SURGICAL AND OTHER PROCEDURES:

BEFORE SURGERY:

Doctors can usually diagnose appendicitis by our description of the symptoms, the physical exam, and laboratory tests alone. In some cases, additional tests may be needed. These may include:

*Abdominal ultrasound

*Abdominal CT scan

*Diagnostic laparoscopy

Laboratory Tests:

Blood tests are used to check for signs of infection, such as a high white blood cell count. Blood chemistries may also show dehydration or fluid and electrolyte disorders. Urinalysis is used to rule out a urinary tract infection. Doctors may also order a pregnancy test for women of childbearing age (those who have regular periods).

Imaging Tests:

X rays, ultrasound, and computed tomography (CT) scans can produce images of the abdomen. Plain x rays can show signs of obstruction, perforation (a hole), foreign bodies, and in rare cases, an appendicolith, which is hardened stool in the appendix. Ultrasound may show appendiceal inflammation and can diagnose gall bladder disease and pregnancy. By far the most common test used, however, is the CT scan. This test provides a series of cross-sectional images of the body and can identify many abdominal conditions and facilitate diagnosis when the clinical impression is in doubt. All women of childbearing age should have a pregnancy test before undergoing any testing with x rays.

 

An appendectomy is the surgical removal of the appendix through an incision in your abdomen that can be several inches long. A laparoscopic appendectomy involves making several tiny cuts in the abdomen and inserting a miniature camera and surgical instruments. The surgeon then removes the appendix through one of the small incisions. The advantage of laparoscopic appendectomy is that recovery is usually faster than with traditional surgery. However, not everyone is a candidate for the laparoscopic procedure.

Acute appendicitis is treated by surgery to remove the appendix. The operation may be performed through a standard small incision in the right lower part of the abdomen, or it may be performed using a laparoscope, which requires three to four smaller incisions. If other conditions are suspected in addition to appendicitis, they may be identified using laparoscopy. In some patients, laparoscopy is preferable to open surgery because the incision is smaller, recovery time is quicker, and less pain medication is required. The appendix is almost always removed, even if it is found to be normal. With complete removal, any later episodes of pain will not be attributed to appendicitis.

Recovery from appendectomy takes a few weeks. Doctors usually prescribe pain medication and ask patients to limit physical activity. Recovery from laparoscopic appendectomy is generally faster, but limiting strenuous activity may still be necessary for 4 to 6 weeks after surgery. Most people treated for appendicitis recover excellently and rarely need to make any changes in their diet, exercise, or lifestyle.

AFTER SURGERY:

After an appendectomy, a person who's had an appendectomy will feel better soon, and he or she won't feel any different without an appendix

ACUPUNTURE TREATMENT:

The way acupuncture works on acute abdominal conditions is complex. In Chinese medical terms, appendicitis is thought to be caused by blockages in the circulation of blood and flow of vitality. Acupuncture appears to help relieve pain, control peristalsis (the wave-like movements of muscles in the intestines), and improve blood flow. Case reports from China suggest that acupuncture has been used for mild appendicitis. Electro acupuncture (sending electric current through needles) has also been used.

HOMEOPATHY TREATMENT:

Belladonna and Bryonia:

These are classic homeopathic remedies often used for an inflamed appendix. Using the appropriate homeopathic remedy along with conventional Western medicine may relieve your symptoms and help clear up appendicitis more quickly. However, no scientific literature supports the use of homeopathy for appendicitis. An experienced homeopath would condition and any current symptoms.

HERBAL TREATMENT FOR APPENDICITIS:

Traditional Chinese herbal therapies may help treat appendicitis. There is not yet enough scientific research on Chinese or Western herbs to be sure, but there are some case reports from a TCM perspective. In a report of 425 patients with acute appendicitis treated with Chinese herbal preparations, either with or without antibiotics, the majority of patients did extremely well and did not require surgery. Of the 425 cases, 93% were cured with TCM alone, 4% with TCM and antibiotics together, and 3% with surgery after medicine failed. Only thirty patients had acute relapse of appendicitis shortly after recovery. Given that appendicitis sometimes resolves but then recurs, a subset of the people who had not had surgery was followed for 1 year; 85% of them experienced complete recovery without recurrence during that period.

Some examples of herbal therapies used in TCM include: detoxifying and fever-reducing herbs (Flos lonicerae, Fructus forsythiae, Herba taraxaci, Patrinia scabioseafolia, Gypsum fibrosum), circulation-enhancing herbs (Semen persicae, Radix paeoniae rubra, Squama manitis, Spina gleditsiae), and laxatives (Rhizoma rhei, Mirabilitum depuratum).

Here are presented some appendicitis cure home remedies:

Green gram serves:

It is an excellent home remedy for appendicitis. Consume 1 tsp of green grams thrice a day.

Fenugreek seeds:

In 1 litre cold water, add 1 tbsp of fenugreek seeds and cook on low flame. Simmer for half an hour and then strain. Allow it to cool a bit before drinking. As a part of appendicitis home remedy treatment, tea made from fenugreek seeds is considered valuable.

Beet and cucumber juices:

Take about 100 ml each of beet and cucumber juices and mix with 300 ml carrot juice. This mixture has to be taken two times on a daily basis.

Buttermilk:

For chronic appendicitis, buttermilk is of great value. Consume 1 litre buttermilk everyday.

Echinacea and goldenseal:

Echinacea and goldenseal in the same combination are helpful to the immune system and can act in the prevention of infection in the wound. The daily dose for children and adults is one to two teaspoons, twice or thrice daily.

Astragalus membranaceous:

 It has a rich combination of minerals and is also abundant in micronutrients, aiding greatly in bolstering immune function. It is a good dose for children.

American ginseng:

 This herb is good in strengthening the immune system and is also an excellent source of trace minerals and micronutrients, and will greatly speed immune function and the body’s recovery. This herb cannot be used when there is a fever present and if a fever has been always there during the recovery phase.

Gotu kola:

These are rich in minerals and micronutrients and are considered very good general tonics in the treatment of all surgery patients, both this herbs are not suitable for use as supplements with children below four years of age, as the herbs can easily upset children’s stomachs. The herb must be discontinued immediately as a supplement should these symptoms occur.

Bupleurum:

This Chinese herbal concoction helps in the recovery of strength in the body, and in boosting resistance to infection; it is however not advised for children who have fever or other signs of persistent infection while they recover from surgery.

Vitamin E oil, castor oil, or evening primrose oil:

once recovery is complete and medical discharge is obtained, these oil can be rubbed on to prevent scarring and in minimizing scar tissue formation.

Points to Remember

*The appendix is a small, tube-like structure attached to the first part of the colon. Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix.

*Appendicitis is considered a medical emergency.

*Symptoms of appendicitis include pain in the abdomen, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea, inability to pass gas, low-grade fever, and abdominal swelling. Not everyone with appendicitis has all the symptoms.

*Physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging tests are used to diagnose appendicitis.

*Acute appendicitis is treated by surgery to remove the appendix.

*The most serious complication of appendicitis is rupture, which can lead to peritonitis and abscess.

DIET CHART FOR APPENDICITIS:

A - DIET

I. An all-fruit diet for 2 or 3 days, with three meals a day of fresh juicy fruits at five-hourly intervals.

II. Fruit and milk diet for further 3 days. In this regimen, milk may be added to each fruit meal.

III. Therefore, adopt a well-balanced diet on the following lines:

1. Upon arising:

 A glass of lukewarm water with half a freshly squeezed lime and a teaspoon of honey.

2. Breakfast:

 Fruits and milk, followed by nuts, if desired.

3. Lunch:

Steamed vegetables, 2 or 3 whole-wheat chapattis and a glass of buttermilk.

4. Mid-afternoon:

 A glass of fresh fruit or vegetable juice or sugarcane juice.

5. Dinner:

 A bowl of fresh green vegetable salad, with limejuice dressing, sprouted seeds and fresh homemade cottage cheese or a glass of buttermilk.

6. Bedtime:

 A glass of fresh milk or an apple.

Avoid:

Meat, fried foods, condiments, spices, white sugar, white flour and products made from white flour, sugar, tea, coffee, refined cereals and tinned and canned foods.

B - OTHER MEASURES

1. Abdominal packs for 2 or 3 times for duration of one hour each.

2. Massage to abdomen.

3. Adequate rest.

4. Hot fomentation to painful area several times daily.

 

 

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MEANING:

 

 

 

Bell's palsy is paralysis or weakness of the facial muscles on one side only. It comes on suddenly and has no obvious cause. It is the most common cause of paralysis affecting the face. Bell's palsy is a condition in which one side of the face becomes paralysed. It is usually temporary.

 

 

 

Bell's palsy was named after Sir Charles Bell, a 19th century doctor who first described the condition and linked it to a problem with the facial nerve.

 

 

The incidence of Bells palsy in males and females, as well as in the various races is also approximately equal. The chances of the condition being mild or severe and the rate of recovery are also equal. Bells palsy should not cause any other part of the body to become paralyzed, weak or numb. It is not contagious. People with Bells palsy can return to work and resume normal activity as soon as they feel up to it.

 

 

DEFINITION:

 

 

 

Bell's palsy is a disorder caused by damage to cranial nerve VII, involving sudden facial drooping and decreased ability to move the face.

 

 

 

CAUSES OF BELL-PALSY:

 

 

 

Bell's palsy occurs when the nerve that controls the facial muscles is swollen, inflamed, or compressed, resulting in facial weakness or paralysis. Exactly what causes this damage, however, is unknown. When Bell's palsy occurs, the function of the facial nerve is disrupted, causing an interruption in the messages the brain sends to the facial muscles. This interruption results in facial weakness or paralysis. A specific cause of Bell's palsy is unknown, however, it has been suggested that the disorder may be inherited. It also may be associated with:

 

 

*Diabetes

 

 

 

*High blood pressure

 

 

*Trauma

 

 

*Toxins

 

 

*Lyme disease

 

 

*Guillain-BarrÉ syndrome

 

 

*Sarcoidosis

 

 

*Myasthenia Gravis

 

 

*Infection

 

 

Bell's palsy afflicts approximately 40,000 Americans each year. It affects men and women equally and can occur at any age, but it is less common before age 15 or after age 60. It disproportionately attacks pregnant women and people who have diabetes or upper respiratory ailments such as the flu or a cold.

 

 

Other causes of facial paralysis include:

 

 

*Pressure on the facial nerve (eg caused by a tumour)

 

 

*Infections (eg Lyme disease)

 

 

*Sarcoidosis (a condition of the immune system)

 

 

*Disorders which affect the immune system, such as HIV/AIDS

 

 

*Facial wounds

 

 

*Spontaneous twitches or spasms (called synkinesis) such as the corner of the mouth turning up in a "smile" when blinking.

 

 

*Tears forming in one eye while eating.

 

 

 

SYMPTOMS OF BELL-PALSY:

 

 

The following are the most common symptoms of Bell's palsy. However, each individual may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:

 

 

*Loss of feeling in the face

 

 

*Headache

 

 

*Tearing

 

 

*Drooling

 

 

*Loss of the sense of taste on the front two-thirds of the tongue

 

 

 

*Hypersensitivity to sound in the affected ear

 

 

*Inability to close the eye on the affected side of the face

 

 

*Affects the muscles that control facial expressions such as smiling, squinting, blinking, or closing the eyelid.

 

 

The symptoms of Bell's palsy are likely to come on very quickly - often in a matter of hours or overnight. The main symptom is likely to be paralysis or weakness on one side of the face, along with a sagging eyebrow and difficulty closing the eye. Mild earache or pain behind the ear is sometimes the first sign of Bell's palsy. There are several other possible symptoms including:

 

 

*A Sagging mouth

 

 

*Dribbling of saliva and drinks

 

 

*Difficulty in speaking

 

 

*Alteration or loss of taste at the front of the tongue

 

 

*Dryness or watering of the affected eye

 

 

*A turned-out lower eyelid

 

 

*Unusually sharp hearing on the affected side

 

 

 

 

Prevention:

 

 

Bell's palsy is not preventable

 

 

Treatment for Bell-palsy:

 

 

In order to be sure that this is the cause of the facial weakness, and not something else, a special set of questions will be asked. After an examination of the head, neck, and ears, a series of tests may be performed. The most common tests are:

 

 

*Hearing Test:

 

 

 

 Determines if the cause of damage to the nerve has involved the hearing nerve, inner ear, or delicate hearing mechanism.

 

 

*Balance Test:

 

 

 Evaluates balance nerve involvement.

 

 

 

*Tear Test:

 

 

 Measures the eye's ability to produce tears. Eye drops may be necessary to prevent drying of the surface of the eye cornea).

 

 

*Imaging:

 

 

 CT (computerized tomography) or MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) determine if there is infection, tumor, bone fracture, or other abnormality in the area of the facial nerve.

 

 

*Electrical Test:

 

 

 Stimulates the facial nerve to assess how badly the nerve is damaged. This test may have to be repeated at frequent intervals to see if the disease is progressing.

 

 

The results of diagnostic testing will determine treatment.

 

*If infection is the cause, then an antibiotic to fight bacteria (as in middle ear infections) or antiviral agents (to fight syndromes caused by viruses like Ramsay Hunt) may be used.

 

 

*If simple swelling is believed to be responsible for the facial nerve disorder, then steroids are often prescribed.

 

 

 

*In certain circumstances, surgical removal of the bone around the nerve (decompression) may be appropriate.

 

 

There is no cure or standard course of treatment for Bell's palsy. The most important factor in treatment is to eliminate the source of the nerve damage.

 

 

Bell's palsy affects each individual differently. Some cases are mild and do not require treatment as the symptoms usually subside on their own within 2 weeks. For others, treatment may include medications and other therapeutic options.

 

 

Bell's palsy may make it hard to close your eyelid. These safeguards can help stop the surface of your eyeball drying out.

 

 

*Regularly close the eye by pulling the upper lid down with your finger.

 

 

*Wear protective glasses or an eye patch.

 

 

*Tape the eye closed before you go to sleep.

 

 

*Use artificial tears (eye drops) to keep the eye moist - ask a pharmacist for advice.

 

 

 

Physical therapy:

 

 

It helps to stimulate the facial nerve and help maintain muscle tone may be beneficial to some.

 

 

Facial massage and exercises:

 

 

It may help prevent permanent contractures (shrinkage or shortening of muscles) of the paralyzed muscles before recovery takes place. Moist heat applied to the affected side of the face may help reduce pain.

 

 

Other therapies:

 

 

  The other therapies include relaxation techniques, acupuncture, electrical stimulation, biofeedback training, and vitamin therapy (including vitamin B12, B6, and zinc), which may help nerve growth.

 

 

Decompression surgery for Bell's palsy:

 

 

 

It helps to relieve pressure on the nerve-is controversial and is seldom recommended.

 

 

Cosmetic or reconstructive surgery:

 

 

It may be needed to reduce deformities and correct some damage such as an eyelid that will not fully close or a crooked smile.

 

 

Acupuncture:

 

 

Acupuncture is started on the side of the face that is not affected by palsy. It usually takes two weeks of daily treatment to see changes in symptoms. Acupuncturists in Kumming have developed extremely effective approaches to treating this disease. These approaches involve the technique of "pause and regress", in which needles are inserted, withdrawn, and replaced on acupuncture points over the parts of the face served by the facial nerve.

 

 

HERBAL TREATMENT:

 

Herbal treatment designed to stop pain and improve symptoms, correct imbalance and adjust immune system, and most importantly, to boost energy and strong body for better health and quality of life. The purpose of herbal treatment is not to take the place of necessary orthodox medical treatment. Combination of the both is a better choice.

 

 

HERBS FOR BELL-PALSY:

 

 

*Cloves:

 

 

Cloves oil is a good remedy for Bell-palsy. The Bell-palsy sufferers must take 5-10 drops in 1/4 cup water 3 times daily.ItIncreases the effectiveness of acyclovir (Zovirax).

 

 

*Kudzu:

 

 

Kudzu tablet relieves muscle tension in the muscles of the face and neck not affected by palsy. The Bell-palsy sufferers must take 10 mg 3 times daily.

*vitamins:

B vitamin is the use of nutritional yeast, which can be used as bread spread, this can also be added to all kinds of soups and sauces or it can be sprinkled directly on salads. All these food items must be included in the diet to provide the maximum amount of the B complex vitamins.

 *vitamin B1 is to support nerves and nervous system function in general besides its role in alleviating depression.

*vitamin C must also be maintained as it is an effective agent against all forms of inflammation that affects patients.

*GINKGO:

Use of about 50 mg of ginkgo standardized extract mixed in water every day till such times as the symptoms disappear.

*RUE:

Rue is first mentioned by Turner, 1562, in his Herbal, and has since become one of the best medicines for Bell-palsy.

*Strychnine:

Strychnine was discovered in 1818, (Motion, 2000) although nux vomica, the unpurified plant extract in which it is the active component, had been known and used for Bell-palsy disease.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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MEANING:

 

 

 

Food poisoning is a common, usually mild, but sometimes deadly illness .Food borne illness results from eating food contaminated with bacteria (or their toxins) or other pathogens such as parasites or viruses. The illnesses range from upset stomach to more serious symptoms, including diarrhea, fever, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and dehydration. Food poisoning comes from eating foods that contain germs like bad bacteria or toxins, which are poisonous substances. Bacteria are all around us, so mild cases of food poisoning are common.

 

 

 

Definition:  

 

 

 

Food poisoning is the result of eating organisms or toxins in contaminated food. Most cases of food poisoning are from common bacteria like Staphylococcus or E. coli.

 

 

 

CAUSES OF FOOD-POISONING:

 

 

 

Food poisoning can affect one person or it can occur as an outbreak in a group of people who all ate the same contaminated food. Food poisoning tends to occur at picnics, school cafeterias, and large social functions. These are situations where food may be left unrefrigerated too long or food preparation techniques are not clean. Food poisoning often occurs from undercooked meats or dairy products (like mayonnaise mixed in coleslaw or potato salad) that have sat out too long.

 

 

 

Food poisoning can be caused by:

 

 

 

*Staph aureus

 

 

 

*E. coli enteritis

 

 

*Salmonella

 

 

 

*Shigella

 

 

*Campylobacter

 

 

*Cholera

 

 

*Botulism

 

 

*Mushroom poisoning    

 

 

 

*Listeria

 

 

 

*Bacillus cereus

 

 

*Fish poisoning

 

 

*Yersinia

 

 

 

*Foods from animals, raw foods, and unwashed vegetables all can contain germs that cause food poisoning.

 

 

 

Some of the most common bacteria are:

 

 

 

*Salmonella (say: sal-meh-neh-luh)

 

 

 

*Listeria (say: lis-tir-ee-uh)

 

 

 

*Campylobacter (say: kam-pye-low-bak-tur)

 

 

*E. coli (say: ee kole-eye)

 

 

 

 

 

SYMPTOMS OF FOOD-POISONING:

 

 

Food poisoning from bacteria causes nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, and diarrhea. Specific bacteria may cause these signs and symptoms:

 

 

Clostridium botulinum (C. botulinum, or botulism): weakness, blurred vision, sensitivity to light, double vision, paralyzed eye nerves, difficulty speaking, trouble swallowing, paralysis that spreads downward, respiratory failure, death 

 

 

C. botulinum in infants: impaired physical growth (failure to thrive), constipation, paralysis, sudden infant death 

Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae, or cholera): stools that are liquid with a whitish tinge

 

 

Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni): fever, chills, bloody diarrhea 

 

 

Escherichia coli (E. coli): hemorrhagic colitis (bleeding from inflamed large intestine) 

 

 

Yersinia spp.: symptoms similar to appendicitis; delayed immune reaction including arthritis and/or red, tender bumps under the skin (erythema nodosum); sometimes bloody stool 

 

 

In most cases of food borne illness, symptoms resemble intestinal flu and may last a few hours or even several days. Symptoms can range from mild to serious and include:

 

 

 

*Abdominal cramps

 

 

*Nausea

 

 

*Vomiting

 

 

*Diarrhea

 

 

*Fever

 

 

*Dehydration

 

 

*Weakness

 

 

*Headache

 

 

 

 

TIPS TO PREVENT FOOD-POISONING:

 

 

 We take the following steps when preparing food:

 

 

*Carefully wash your hands and clean dishes and utensils.

 

 

*Use a thermometer when cooking. Cook beef to at least 160°F, poultry to at least 180°F, and fish to at least 140°F.

 

 

 

*DO NOT place cooked meat or fish back onto the same plate or container that held the raw meat, unless the container has been thoroughly washed.

 

 

 

*Promptly refrigerate any food you will not be eating right away. Keep the refrigerator set to around 40°F and your freezer at or below 0°F.

 

 

DO NOT eat meat, poultry, or fish that has been refrigerated uncooked for longer than 1 to 2 days.

 

 

 

*DO NOT use outdated foods, packaged food with a broken seal, or cans that are bulging or have a dent.

 

 

 

*DO NOT use foods that have an unusual odor or a spoiled taste.

 

 

STEPS TO KEEP FOOD FOR SAFE:

 

 

 

We can keep our food for safe by following the steps. These include:

 

 

*Wash fruits and vegetables well before eating them.

 

 

*Only eat foods that are properly cooked. If you cut into chicken and it looks pink and raw inside, tell a grown-up.

 

 

 

*Look at what you're eating and smell it, too. If something looks or smells different than normal, check with an adult before eating or drinking it. Milk is a good example. If you've ever had a sip of sour milk, you know you never want to taste that again! Mold (which can be green, pink, white, or brown) is also often a sign that food has spoiled.

 

 

 

*If you're going to eat leftovers, ask a grown-up for help heating them up. By heating them, you can kill bacteria that grew while it was in the fridge.

 

 

 

*Check the date. Lots of packaged foods have expiration dates or "sell by" dates. Don't eat a food if today's date is after the expiration date. Use it before it expires. Some of these dates are "sell by," which means that the food should leave store shelves by that time. Ask an adult for help deciding if it's past the sell by date.

 

 

 

*Cover and refrigerate food right away. Sitting at room temperature, bacteria get a good chance to grow. By putting food in the fridge, you're putting the chill on those bad germs!

 

 

 

STEPS TO PREVENT FOOD POISONING:

 

 

 

Follow these tips to prevent food poisoning:

 

 

 

*Always wash your hands thoroughly before preparing food, after going to the toilet and after handling pets.

 

 

 

*Keep kitchen work surfaces clean.

 

 

 

*Make sure food is defrosted completely before cooking.

 

 

 

*Keep pets away from food.

 

 

*Ensure food is cooked thoroughly before eating. Meat shouldn't have any pink bits.

 

 

 

*Serve reheated food piping hot.

 

 

 

*Keep raw meat and fish covered and store at the bottom of the fridge.

 

 

*Store all perishable foods at 5°C (41°F) or less.

 

 

*Keep raw food covered up.

 

 

*Rinse fruit and vegetables under running water before eating.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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TREATMENT PLAN FOR FOOD POISONING:

Treatment is meant to help support recovery and relieve symptoms. For instance, treatment may help replace fluids and electrolytes (such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, and chloride), help the person breathe, or stop vomiting or diarrhea.

For the most common causes of food poisoning, the doctor would not prescribe antibiotics. Antibiotics can actually prolong diarrhea and keep the organism in your body longer.

If we have eaten toxins from mushrooms or shellfish, we shall need to be seen right away. The doctor will take steps to empty out your stomach and remove the toxin.

Most infections last 24 to 48 hours, during which time fluid is often lost from both ends. To prevent dehydration, drink plenty of cooled boiled water and use re-hydration powders if the symptoms continue. Sometimes, antibiotic treatment is necessary; this can be determined by testing for the micro-organism responsible.

It's especially important that anyone whose work involves handling or preparing food stays away from work while they have symptoms to avoid passing the illness to others. They must also notify, and seek advice from, their local environmental health department.

If someone suspects that food bought from, or eaten in, a specific shop, takeaway or restaurant is responsible, they should also inform their local environmental health department, so the standards of food hygiene can be investigated.

HERBS FOR FOOD-POISONING:

Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum):

It is one of the most effective herbs for liver disorders and is widely used in Europe to treat Amanita mushroom poisoning.

Bittervine (Mikania micranthu):

It is a good herbal medicine against several types of bacteria, including S. aureus and E. coli.

Tea Tree Oil (Melaleuca alternifolia):

The essential oil of the tea tree has activity against E. coli.

Thyme:

The essential oil of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) has killed the bacteria Salmonella typhimurium; additional lab studies also suggest that thymol (a part of thyme oil) has activity against S. aureus.

Barberry (Berberis vulgaris):

It has also been used traditionally to treat diarrhea from infectious causes such as E. coli and V. cholera and, therefore, may help ease this symptom in some people with food poisoning.

HOMEOPATHY TREATMENT FOR FOOD-POISONING:

Arsenicum album:

It may also be used to prevent diarrhea when traveling .This remedy is most appropriate for individuals who feel exhausted yet restless and whose symptoms tend to worsen in the cold and improve with warmth; vomiting may also occur.

Chamomilla:

It is used primarily for children, especially those who are irritable, argumentative, and difficult to console.

Calcarea carbonica:

It is used for children who fear being in the dark or alone and who perspire heavily while sleeping.

Podophyllum:

It is a good medicine for explosive, gushing, painless diarrhea that becomes worse after eating or drinking.

Sulphur:

It is the useful remedy for irritable and weepy children.

 

 

DRUG THERAPIES:

*Antibiotics, such as ampicillin; similarly, TMP-SMX, doxycycline, or ciprofloxacin, are given to prevent or treat traveler's diarrhea. 

*Antitoxin to neutralize toxins from C. botulinum. 

*Amitriptyline to control the numbness and tingling from ciguatera poisoning .

*Apomorphine or ipecac syrup to cause vomiting and help rid the body of toxin. 

*Atropine for mushroom poisoning 

*Diphenhydramine and cimetidine for fish poisoning

*Mannitol for nerve-related symptoms of ciguatera poisoning.

 

 

 

 

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